'No, really, how do they work?'

The immunobiology of aluminium adjuvants: how do they really work?

Aluminium adjuvants potentiate the immune response, thereby ensuring the potency and efficacy of typically sparingly available antigen. Their concomitant critical importance in mass vaccination programmes may have prompted recent intense interest in understanding how they work and their safety. Progress in these areas is stymied, however, by a lack of accessible knowledge pertaining to the bioi...

How do enzymes really work?

My understanding is that “reflections” can cover a multitude of sins. I have previously written a brief history of my career, and do not want to duplicate that exposition (1). Instead, this “reflection” will trace a primary focus of my laboratory for many decades, namely how do enzymes achieve their remarkable catalytic efficiency? (Indeed this has been a focal point of the field of biochemistr...

Glucocorticoids: do we know how they work?

It is not known to what extent glucocorticoid hormones cause their anti-inflammatory actions and their undesirable side effects by the same or different molecular mechanisms. Glucocorticoids combine with a cytoplasmic receptor that alters gene expression in two ways. One way is dependent on the receptor's binding directly to DNA and acting (positively or negatively) as a transcription factor. T...

How Statins Really Work Explains Why They Don't Really Work – S. Seneff – 2011

They really do go.

While it is technically correct that 70-80% of rural or underserved origin candidates do not go ‘outside’ current concentrations of physicians and health resources, the appropriate statistical analysis reveals that they really do go at rates 2, 4, 6, or 10 times higher than the typical medical students. Others also go, such as the 75% of rural physicians who have urban origins or those with top...